供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)上下游企(qi)(qi)業為了謀求各自收(shou)(shou)益大化，在(zai)單(dan)獨決策(ce)的(de)(de)過程中(zhong)確定的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)價(jia)格高(gao)于其生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)邊際成(cheng)本的(de)(de)現(xian)象。如(ru)果(guo)下游企(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)定價(jia)過高(gao)，必然(ran)會造成(cheng)市場需(xu)求的(de)(de)萎縮，導致供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)總(zong)體收(shou)(shou)益下降。原因：企(qi)(qi)業個體利益大化的(de)(de)目標和整體利益大化的(de)(de)目標不一致。沒有(you)體現(xian)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)共擔(dan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)原則。影響：如(ru)果(guo)不能很好解決，供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)績效水平會大打折(zhe)扣，進而影響人們實施供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)信心。方法：供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)契(qi)約(yue)(yue)（回購契(qi)約(yue)(yue)、收(shou)(shou)入(ru)共享契(qi)約(yue)(yue)、數(shu)量(liang)折(zhe)扣契(qi)約(yue)(yue)、小購買數(shu)量(liang)契(qi)約(yue)(yue)、數(shu)量(liang)柔性(xing)契(qi)約(yue)(yue)；質(zhi)量(liang)擔(dan)保契(qi)約(yue)(yue)）供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)契(qi)約(yue)(yue)的(de)(de)作用(yong)：1.減(jian)少(shao)長鞭效應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)影響;2,實現(xian)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)系(xi)統的(de)(de)協調，消除(chu)雙(shuang)重邊際效應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)；3.增(zeng)強供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)成(cheng)員的(de)(de)合作關(guan)系(xi)。供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管理(li)(li)需(xu)要考慮供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管理(li)(li)，如(ru)建立風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管理(li)(li)體系(xi)、制定應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急預案等，提高(gao)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)管理(li)(li)能力。潮(chao)州服裝供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)體系(xi)

供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)基本思(si)(si)想：1.“橫向一(yi)體化”的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)思(si)(si)想；2.非關鍵企(qi)業(ye)(ye)采取外包方(fang)式(shi)分(fen)散給(gei)(gei)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)伙(huo)(huo)伴(ban)，形成戰(zhan)略性(xing)合(he)作伙(huo)(huo)伴(ban)關系；3.供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)間形成的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)合(he)作性(xing)競(jing)爭；4.以顧(gu)客(ke)滿意度(du)(du)作為(wei)目標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)服務(wu)(wu)化管理(li)；5.供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)管理(li)追(zhui)求(qiu)物流(liu)(liu)、信息流(liu)(liu)、資金流(liu)(liu)、工(gong)作流(liu)(liu)和(he)組織流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)集成；6.借助信息技(ji)術實現目標(biao)(biao)管理(li)是(shi)基礎條件(jian)；7.更加關注物流(liu)(liu)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)作。有效用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)響應(ying)(ying)：不斷降低供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)成本，通(tong)過(guo)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)間的(de)(de)(de)密切合(he)作帶(dai)給(gei)(gei)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)更大的(de)(de)(de)利益和(he)更有效的(de)(de)(de)響應(ying)(ying)。快速(su)響應(ying)(ying)：極大限度(du)(du)地(di)減少(shao)從原材料到銷售(shou)的(de)(de)(de)運行時(shi)間和(he)庫存數，以提高(gao)對于用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)快速(su)響應(ying)(ying)。延遲技(ji)術：把(ba)產品定(ding)型的(de)(de)(de)位置與時(shi)間盡量靠近用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)，以便(bian)顧(gu)客(ke)化。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)建模(mo)(mo)技(ji)術：信息系統模(mo)(mo)型、經(jing)濟運行模(mo)(mo)型、功能結構模(mo)(mo)型。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)間的(de)(de)(de)合(he)作關系研究(jiu)；企(qi)業(ye)(ye)集成模(mo)(mo)式(shi)是(shi)戰(zhan)略伙(huo)(huo)伴(ban)關系，五個評價指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)是(shi)柔(rou)性(xing)、集成、協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)、簡潔、穩定(ding)。柔(rou)性(xing)和(he)柔(rou)性(xing)度(du)(du)量的(de)(de)(de)三維(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)：范圍、費用(yong)、時(shi)間。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)績效評價：資源(yuan)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)（成本、資源(yuan)回收）、輸出指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)（產出與用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)服務(wu)(wu)）、柔(rou)性(xing)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)（供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)對變化的(de)(de)(de)響應(ying)(ying)性(xing)）。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)運作的(de)(de)(de)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)與協(xie)(xie)同(tong)合(he)作：關鍵機(ji)制是(shi)競(jing)爭-合(he)作-協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)（成功與否的(de)(de)(de)關鍵）。潮州全(quan)球供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)外包公司供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)管理(li)需要考(kao)慮供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)文化建設(she)，如建立(li)共同(tong)價值觀、營(ying)造良好企(qi)業(ye)(ye)文化等(deng)，提高(gao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)文化的(de)(de)(de)凝聚力(li)。

商(shang)業領域(yu)，人(ren)人(ren)都在說供應(ying)鏈，國(guo)際商(shang)貿的(de)關鍵也聚焦于(yu)供應(ying)鏈，那么到底什(shen)么是供應(ying)鏈呢(ni)？供應(ying)鏈(Supplychain)是指為(wei)了(le)提供和滿足(zu)關鍵企業或(huo)消費者等使用方(fang)(fang)生(sheng)產(chan)、生(sheng)活所需(xu)(xu)要的(de)產(chan)品(pin)或(huo)服(fu)務，相關組織或(huo)個(ge)人(ren)對相應(ying)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)資(zi)料進行一(yi)系(xi)列包(bao)括但(dan)不限于(yu)“開采、加工、生(sheng)產(chan)、集成(cheng)(cheng)、包(bao)裝、銷(xiao)售、運輸”等行為(wei)，完成(cheng)(cheng)將上述需(xu)(xu)要的(de)產(chan)品(pin)或(huo)服(fu)務成(cheng)(cheng)功交(jiao)付給使用方(fang)(fang)的(de)全過程以及各環節(jie)和節(jie)點(dian)上的(de)行為(wei)主體(ti)(ti)，統稱為(wei)供應(ying)鏈。而從另外一(yi)個(ge)角度來說：供應(ying)鏈包(bao)含(han)了(le)原料供貨商(shang)、供應(ying)商(shang)、制造(zao)商(shang)、倉儲(chu)商(shang)、運輸商(shang)、分銷(xiao)商(shang)、零售商(shang)以及終端客戶等多(duo)個(ge)主體(ti)(ti)的(de)系(xi)統。

供應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)是指將(jiang)產(chan)品(pin)或(huo)服務(wu)從供應(ying)商傳遞到客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)的(de)(de)一系列過程，包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)采購(gou)、制(zhi)造、分銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)、物流和(he)(he)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)服務(wu)等環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)。供應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)是一系列相互關聯(lian)的(de)(de)活動和(he)(he)流程，旨在將(jiang)原材(cai)料、零部件和(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)從供應(ying)商轉(zhuan)移到客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)手(shou)(shou)中。供應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)中的(de)(de)各個環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)供應(ying)商、制(zhi)造商、分銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)商、零售(shou)商和(he)(he)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)。它(ta)們通過一系列的(de)(de)物流、庫存管(guan)理(li)(li)、采購(gou)、生產(chan)、分銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)和(he)(he)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)等環(huan)(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)進(jin)行協(xie)調和(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)。供應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)目(mu)標是通過小化成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本、提高效率和(he)(he)質量、優化庫存管(guan)理(li)(li)和(he)(he)運輸等手(shou)(shou)段，使得產(chan)品(pin)能夠快速地、可(ke)靠地、以低成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本地被傳遞到客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)手(shou)(shou)中。在現代商業環(huan)(huan)(huan)境中，供應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)(li)已經(jing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為企業成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)的(de)(de)重要(yao)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)部分，尤(you)其是在全球化和(he)(he)電子商務(wu)的(de)(de)背景下，它(ta)變(bian)得更(geng)加復雜和(he)(he)關鍵。供應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)(li)需要(yao)進(jin)行信息安全管(guan)理(li)(li)，以保護(hu)企業信息資(zi)產(chan)和(he)(he)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)隱私。

供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)根據范(fan)圍不同劃分，（1）內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：指企業內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)所涉及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)采(cai)購部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門、倉儲(chu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門、銷售部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門等組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)需(xu)網(wang)絡。（2）外部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：指企業外部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)，與(yu)企業相關的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)涉及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)材料供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廠商(shang)(shang)、儲(chu)運商(shang)(shang)、零售商(shang)(shang)以及(ji)消費者(zhe)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)需(xu)網(wang)絡。內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)和(he)(he)外部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)共同組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了企業產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)從原(yuan)材料到成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)(pin)(pin)到消費者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)。供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)根據復(fu)雜程度不同劃分，（1）直(zhi)接型供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：在(zai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、服(fu)(fu)務、資金和(he)(he)信息(xi)在(zai)往(wang)(wang)上游和(he)(he)下(xia)游的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，由公(gong)司、此(ci)公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)和(he)(he)此(ci)公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。（2）擴展型供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：把直(zhi)接供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)和(he)(he)直(zhi)接客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)客(ke)(ke)戶(hu)包(bao)含在(zai)內(nei)(nei)，左右這些成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)員均參(can)與(yu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、服(fu)(fu)務、資金和(he)(he)信息(xi)往(wang)(wang)上游和(he)(he)下(xia)游的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動過(guo)(guo)程。（3）終(zhong)端型供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：包(bao)括參(can)與(yu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、服(fu)(fu)務、資金、信息(xi)從終(zhong)端供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)到終(zhong)端消費者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)所有往(wang)(wang)上游和(he)(he)下(xia)游的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)所有組(zu)織。供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)理需(xu)要(yao)進行團隊(dui)管(guan)理，以提高團隊(dui)凝聚力(li)和(he)(he)執行力(li)。珠海智能供(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本是多少

供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管理(li)需(xu)要考慮(lv)供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)透明化，如公開供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)信息、建立信任機制等，提(ti)高供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)的透明度和(he)信任度。潮州服裝供應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)體系

供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)如何(he)運作(zuo)？盡(jin)管供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)非常復雜(za)，但只需五(wu)個步驟(zou)。以下是這些步驟(zou)及其(qi)工作(zuo)原理(li)(li)。1、計(ji)劃，供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)管理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)策略(lve)性(xing)部分(fen)，公司需要(yao)有一(yi)個好的(de)(de)(de)策略(lve)對現有的(de)(de)(de)資源進(jin)行整合(he)管理(li)(li)，及時向客(ke)戶提供(gong)(gong)符合(he)其(qi)要(yao)求產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)同時削減成(cheng)本。2、采(cai)購，選擇供(gong)(gong)應(ying)商時對其(qi)進(jin)行資質審查(cha)，與供(gong)(gong)應(ying)商建立一(yi)套定價、配送和付款流程，并針對采(cai)購業務多(duo)(duo)樣化的(de)(de)(de)特點靈活變通，與供(gong)(gong)應(ying)商提供(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)品(pin)與服務的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)流程相(xiang)結合(he)。3、制造，對產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)周期、物料領(ling)用(yong)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)進(jin)度(du)和反饋(kui)等(deng)環節進(jin)行控(kong)制，降(jiang)低運營成(cheng)本，縮短交貨(huo)時間、減少(shao)庫存，通過設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)有效運用(yong)提收(shou)益性(xing)。4、配送，配送，部分(fen)人也稱之為(wei)“物流”，是調整用(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)定單收(shou)據、建立倉庫網絡(luo)、派(pai)遞送人員提貨(huo)并送貨(huo)到顧客(ke)手中(zhong)、建立商品(pin)計(ji)價系(xi)統、接收(shou)付款。5、退(tui)貨(huo)，屬于供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)問題處理(li)(li)部分(fen)。為(wei)客(ke)戶退(tui)回的(de)(de)(de)次品(pin)和多(duo)(duo)余產(chan)(chan)品(pin)建立一(yi)個專門(men)的(de)(de)(de)網絡(luo)，并在客(ke)戶應(ying)用(yong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)途(tu)中(zhong)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)問題給(gei)予支持幫助。潮州服裝供(gong)(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)(lian)體系(xi)

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